Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 10

Research paper - Essay Example Therefore, the given paper will examine some of the public and official responses, as well as some of the most important applications on human cloning, and its potential promises. Firstly, the two major cloning techniques will be analyzed in order to understand what cloning involves, and clarify the meaning of the term itself. Secondly, various opinions about the issues, moral and ethical problems it evokes will be presented and analyzed in order to clarify the fact that cloning is not actually immoral or unethical, as many prefer to claim. Cell mass division is the only technique that has been used on human beings. It was first used to multiply human embryos in October 1993, by Robert Stillman and Jerry Hall at George Washington Medical Center (Stock, 2000). They cloned human embryos by splitting early two- to eight-cell embryos into single embryo cells. Each embryo cell will grow up to create a distinct individual, completely separated from the other embryo cells. Therefore, cloning using the cell mass division does not produce copies of an individual. It only produces one more individual with the same genotype. We should never forget that cloning will only produce twins with the same genotype which means that each individual will be a distinct person. This technique is based on the idea that nuclei from cells derived from an adult could be reprogrammed, or that the full genetic complement of such a cell could be reactivated well into the chronological life of the cell. To date, there has been only a single reported case of cloning using this technique on a higher animal. It is important to recognize that this procedure has a great number of important applications in research. One of these applications is to clone genetically engineered animals to produce large quantities of powerful pharmacological agents or to produce

Week 2 Hand-in Assignment -2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 2 Hand-in -2 - Assignment Example But how does that rectangular box, on the wall of the bank, in a private booth, or maybe in a convenience store, dispense all of that cash? What are the user requirements? The ATM is a classic example of the textbook definition of Chapter 4.1.1 â€Å"The functional requirements for a system describe what the system should do†. The European Community basically agrees in its ATM Protection Guidelines (2000). Although it is relatively old, the University of Maryland issued a very good document on this subject (1996). The following steps must be undertaken before the customer can receive his or her money. Any answers of no will cause a rejected transaction and the person will be turned away. 4. If valid, customer is prompted to enter his Personal Identification Number. Is it correct? (Depending upon the policies of the bank, the customer is given a number of chances [usually three] to enter the correct number). 6. If the answers to questions two, three or four or no, depending upon the type of machine and again the bank or network policy, an error message is displayed on the screen. The card is either returned or seized without printing a receipt. 11. If all questions other than Item Ten are â€Å"Yes†, then cash is dispensed, a receipt is printed, and the customer is reminded to remove his card. The ATM also notifies the customer bank of the transaction, along with any fees assessed. All of these steps are completed (most of the time) in a matter of seconds, probably less than two minutes. Some say the increased use of debit cards, twenty per cent in the last fifteen years (FED 2006), may spell the demise of ATM. Yet the recent credit card crunch and tightening of bank regulations have led to the use of more cash and that means the little boxes will continue to